Effectiveness of selective risk based screening for Gestational Diabetes (GDM) in Malaysia: A retrospective cohort study based on the National Obstetric Registry (NOR) of Malaysia

Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GDM) has significant maternal and foetal implications. screening allows active interventions which significantly improves pregnancy outcomes. Despite World Health Organization (WHO), FIGO and National Institute of clinical Excellence (NIcE) recommendations for universal screening especially among high risk population; Malaysia currently adopts a selective risk based screening for GDM. Objective: the objective is to audit the effectiveness of the current practice of selective risk based screening in detection of GDM in Malaysia. Methodology: this is a retrospective cohort study based on the National Obstetric Registry (NOR) which comprises of 14 major tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. the study period was from 1st January 2011 till 31st December 2012 and a total of 22,044 patients with GDM were analysed. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the crude odd ratio. Results: the incidence of GDM in Malaysia is 8.4%. Maternal age of ≥25, booking bMI ≥27kg/m2, booking weight ≥80kg and previous hypertension are non-significant risk of developing GDM in Malaysia. Parity 5 and more was only associated with an odds-ratio of 1.02 (95% confidence Interval: 0.90-1.17) as compared to parity below 5. the association of women with previous stillbirth with GDM was not significant. conclusion: current risk based screening for GDM based on maternal age, booking bMI, weight and hypertension is inappropriate. An ideal screening tool should precede disease complications, which is the novel objective of screening. Universal screening for GDM in Malaysia may be a more accurate measure, especially with regards to reducing maternal and foetal complications.

Septic miscarriage with toxic shock syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): The role of surgery, recombinant activated factor VII and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)

Severe sepsis with multi-organ failure is associated with ahigh mortality rate. This case report highlights thechallenges and modalities available in the management of alady with refractory shock and disseminated intravascularcoagulation (DIC) due to toxic shock syndrome (TSS) fromgenital tract sepsis. Early surgical intervention to removethe source of infection, the use of recombinant activatedfactor VII to treat intractable disseminated intravascularcoagulation and intravenous immunoglobulin to neutralisethe circulating exotoxins, have been employed and shown todrastically improve outcomes.